The states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu are collaborating for the Nilgiri Tahr census in 2025 to monitor the endangered mountain goat species native to the Western Ghats.

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• Nilgiri Tahr is an endangered mountain goat species endemic to the Western Ghats of India.
• It is also the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
• Habitat includes montane grasslands at elevations between 1,200–2,600 meters.
• The highest population density of Nilgiri Tahr is found in Eravikulam National Park.
• Known locally as “Varayadu” in Tamil and Malayalam.
• It is the only mountain ungulate in southern India among the 12 species found in the country.
• Male Nilgiri Tahr is called “Saddle Back” due to the distinct light-colored patch on its back.
• Its age is determined by the growth rings on its horns, similar to tree rings.
• The species is listed as “Endangered” by the IUCN.
• It is protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and listed in CITES Appendix 1.