The Charter Act of 1853 was passed by the British Parliament during Lord Dalhousie’s tenure as Governor-General. It was the last charter of the East India Company, introducing legislative reforms, open competition for civil services, and greater Crown oversight. The Act marked the beginning of India’s modern parliamentary system and signaled the decline of Company
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The Charter Act of 1853 was passed by the British Parliament during Lord Dalhousie’s tenure as Governor-General. It was the last charter of the East India Company, introducing legislative reforms, open competition for civil services, and greater Crown oversight. The Act marked the beginning of India’s modern parliamentary system and signaled the decline of Company
132The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885 in Mumbai, shaped India’s political journey from colonial rule to independence. It later became the dominant political party in independent India and continues to play a significant role in national politics. BulletsIn INC founded on December 28, 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Mumbai Created by A.O.
The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885 in Mumbai, shaped India’s political journey from colonial rule to independence. It later became the dominant political party in independent India and continues to play a significant role in national politics. BulletsIn INC founded on December 28, 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Mumbai Created by A.O.
95Peasant movements in India arose during the 18th to 20th centuries under British colonial rule. They were driven by oppressive land revenue systems, exploitation by zamindars and moneylenders, and destructive colonial economic policies. Though not aimed at ending British rule, these movements reshaped agrarian politics and fueled nationalist consciousness. BulletsIn Emerged during 18th–20th centuries under
Peasant movements in India arose during the 18th to 20th centuries under British colonial rule. They were driven by oppressive land revenue systems, exploitation by zamindars and moneylenders, and destructive colonial economic policies. Though not aimed at ending British rule, these movements reshaped agrarian politics and fueled nationalist consciousness. BulletsIn Emerged during 18th–20th centuries under
113The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on July 18, 1947. It came into effect on August 15, 1947, granting independence to India and Pakistan, ending British rule, and shaping the path for their constitutions. BulletsIn Act passed July 18, 1947, with royal assent Came into effect August 15, 1947 Divided British India into
The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on July 18, 1947. It came into effect on August 15, 1947, granting independence to India and Pakistan, ending British rule, and shaping the path for their constitutions. BulletsIn Act passed July 18, 1947, with royal assent Came into effect August 15, 1947 Divided British India into
90In February 1946, the British government sent the Cabinet Mission to India to discuss independence and a constitutional framework. It aimed for a negotiated transfer of power, but deep Congress–Muslim League differences and communal tensions led to its failure. BulletsIn Sent by Atlee govt, landed in Delhi March 24, 1946 Members: Pethick Lawrence (Chair), Stafford
In February 1946, the British government sent the Cabinet Mission to India to discuss independence and a constitutional framework. It aimed for a negotiated transfer of power, but deep Congress–Muslim League differences and communal tensions led to its failure. BulletsIn Sent by Atlee govt, landed in Delhi March 24, 1946 Members: Pethick Lawrence (Chair), Stafford
105The Doctrine of Lapse was enforced by the British East India Company in mid-19th century India, mainly under Lord Dalhousie (1848–1856). It allowed annexation of princely states without a natural male heir, disregarding Indian succession customs, and became a key factor behind the 1857 rebellion. BulletsIn Policy used by British East India Company to annex
The Doctrine of Lapse was enforced by the British East India Company in mid-19th century India, mainly under Lord Dalhousie (1848–1856). It allowed annexation of princely states without a natural male heir, disregarding Indian succession customs, and became a key factor behind the 1857 rebellion. BulletsIn Policy used by British East India Company to annex
103The Rajput Kingdom thrived between the 7th and 12th centuries, shaping medieval India’s politics, culture, and society. It flourished in northern and central India before decline under Turko-Muslim conquests. BulletsIn Rajput rule from 7th to 12th century in India Strong influence in politics, art, architecture, and literature Promoted Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism Society organized under
The Rajput Kingdom thrived between the 7th and 12th centuries, shaping medieval India’s politics, culture, and society. It flourished in northern and central India before decline under Turko-Muslim conquests. BulletsIn Rajput rule from 7th to 12th century in India Strong influence in politics, art, architecture, and literature Promoted Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism Society organized under
112The Travancore Kingdom, founded in 1663, was a major princely state in southwest India. Its capital was Thiruvananthapuram, and it played a key role in trade, social reforms, and culture until its merger with India in 1949. BulletsIn Founded in 1663, located in present-day Kerala Maritime state, strong in trade and natural resources Capital: Thiruvananthapuram,
The Travancore Kingdom, founded in 1663, was a major princely state in southwest India. Its capital was Thiruvananthapuram, and it played a key role in trade, social reforms, and culture until its merger with India in 1949. BulletsIn Founded in 1663, located in present-day Kerala Maritime state, strong in trade and natural resources Capital: Thiruvananthapuram,
109The Mysore Kingdom, ruled mainly by the Wadiyar dynasty from 1399 to 1950, rose after the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire. Later, Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan expanded its power through military reforms, but continuous wars with the British led to its decline by 1799. BulletsIn Wadiyars founded Mysore Kingdom in 1399 Srirangapatna captured in
The Mysore Kingdom, ruled mainly by the Wadiyar dynasty from 1399 to 1950, rose after the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire. Later, Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan expanded its power through military reforms, but continuous wars with the British led to its decline by 1799. BulletsIn Wadiyars founded Mysore Kingdom in 1399 Srirangapatna captured in
101The Jats, originally herders and peasants in Northern India, rose to political power through repeated rebellions against the Mughal Empire. Their influence expanded rapidly between the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly under Maharaja Suraj Mal. They established the Bharatpur kingdom and left a lasting impact on regions like Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and Western UP. BulletsIn
The Jats, originally herders and peasants in Northern India, rose to political power through repeated rebellions against the Mughal Empire. Their influence expanded rapidly between the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly under Maharaja Suraj Mal. They established the Bharatpur kingdom and left a lasting impact on regions like Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, and Western UP. BulletsIn
