The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on November 5, 1556, near Panipat (Haryana) between Hemu, the ruler of North India, and Mughal Emperor Akbar’s forces led by Bairam Khan. It was a decisive clash that re-established Mughal rule in India after Hemu’s short-lived victory in Delhi.

BulletsIn

• Battle fought between Hemu and Akbar’s Mughal army on Nov 5, 1556.

• Took place at Panipat, near site of the First Battle of Panipat (1526).

• Hemu had earlier captured Delhi after defeating Tardi Beg Khan.

• Proclaimed himself as Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya at Purana Quila.

• Akbar and regent Bairam Khan advanced from Punjab to reclaim Delhi and Agra.

• Hemu’s elephant-led charge initially overpowered Mughal flanks.

• Mughal cavalry used speed and archery to counter elephant attacks.

• Hemu hit in the eye by an arrow; fell unconscious mid-battle.

• His fall caused panic; Afghan army scattered and retreated.

• Mughals won; Bairam Khan executed wounded Hemu on Akbar’s behalf.

• Victory restored Mughal control in North India; paved way for empire exp