In India, a bill lapses mainly when the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly is dissolved. Since the Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils are permanent, they are unaffected. Articles 107 and 108 of the Constitution outline the rules. Not all pending bills lapse—some continue depending on their status and origin.

BulletsIn

• Bill pending in Lok Sabha (LS) at dissolution → lapses
• Bill passed by Rajya Sabha (RS) but pending in LS → lapses
• Bill passed by LS but pending in RS → lapses
• Bill returned to RS by LS with amendments but still pending → lapses
• Bill pending only in RS → does not lapse
• Bill passed by both Houses but awaiting President’s assent → does not lapse
• Bill passed by both Houses but returned by President for reconsideration → does not lapse
• Joint sitting notified before LS dissolution → bill does not lapse
• State: Bill pending in Assembly at dissolution → lapses
• State: Bill passed by Council but pending in Assembly → lapses