US tariff shocks in 2025 disrupted India’s agri-exports, hitting high-value segments and small producers, but the November rollback on key items opened limited relief and strategic openings for long-term competitiveness.

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• US imposed 25% tariff on Indian agri goods worth $5.8B
• Dairy, processed fruits took biggest hit; margins collapsed
• Tea, spices, cashew, seafood lost price advantage in US
• Small exporters, cooperatives faced severe cost squeeze
• US rollback in Nov exempted 200+ lines incl. tea, spices
• Relief boosts competitiveness vs Latin America, SE Asia
• Gains limited; India marginal in major US food imports
• Dairy, processed foods still face tariff uncertainty
• Farmers forced to shift crops or explore new markets
• US seeks reciprocal tariff cuts; India prioritises rural safety
• India must modernise value chains, diversify exports for stability