The Tughlaq Dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1320 to 1414. Founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, it marked the third phase of the Sultanate. Known for military reforms, administrative experiments, and architectural contributions, it had rulers like Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz Shah Tughlaq. However, internal mismanagement and Timur’s invasion in 1398 led to its collapse.

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• Founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in 1320 after overthrowing Khusro Khan
• Dynasty ruled Delhi Sultanate for nearly a century till 1414
• Ghiyasuddin known for strong Mongol resistance and building Tughlaqabad Fort
• Muhammad bin Tughlaq attempted major reforms but failed in execution
• Shifted capital to Devagiri; introduced token currency—both failed
• Raised taxes in Doab; led to famine, public unrest, policy failure
• Firoz Shah Tughlaq reversed many of Muhammad’s policies, focused on welfare
• Built towns, canals, hospitals; enforced jizya on Brahmins
• Later rulers were weak; lost territories, Punjab and Delhi only remained
• Timur’s 1398 invasion shattered Delhi and ended the Tughlaq reign