The Singh Sabha Movement began in Punjab in 1873 as a response to conversions and external religious influences. It aimed to revive Sikhism, reform social practices, and promote Gurmukhi and modern education. Led by prominent Sikhs like Giani Gian Singh and Thakur Singh Sandhawalia, the movement steered clear of politics, focusing instead on education and community service. It marked a turning point in Sikh history.

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• Founded in Amritsar in 1873 after Sikh students converted to Christianity at a mission school
• Aimed to revive Sikhism, counter Christian, Hindu, and Muslim reformist influence
• Focused on religious reform, Gurmukhi promotion, and publishing Sikh history/literature
• Leaders: Khem Singh Bedi, Thakur Singh, Giani Gian Singh, Kanwar Bikram Singh
• Avoided political issues; aligned with British to secure educational support
• Pushed Western education through Khalsa schools, colleges; Khalsa College founded 1892
• Strengthened Sikh identity; rejected non-Sikh practices and apostasy
• Created organized structure: General Sabha, Khalsa Diwan (Amritsar 1883, Lahore 1886)
• Movement unified Sikh voice; by 1900, Khalsa Diwan Supreme formed for coordination
• Inspired youth through education; Khalsa Vidyarthi Sabha (1891), Sikh Education Conference (1908)