Scientists have discovered haematite, a form of rust, on the Moon’s poles. The finding puzzles researchers since rust needs oxygen and water, both scarce on the Moon. Studies suggest Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic effects may play a role.

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• Haematite, form of rust, detected at Moon’s poles
• Discovery shocks scientists, oxygen and water rare on Moon
• Study by Ziliang Jin, Macau University of Science and Technology
• Earth’s oxygen may reach Moon during magnetotail shielding
• “Earth wind” exposes Moon to Earth’s particles 5 days a month
• Less solar wind hydrogen enables oxidation during this phase
• Lab experiments confirm oxygen ions can form haematite
• Hydrogen exposure shown to reverse oxidation partly
• 2020 Chandrayaan-1 had earlier spotted haematite near poles
• Findings suggest Earth–Moon material exchange over time
• Insights may aid future lunar missions and equipment design