Archaeological excavations at Keeladi near Madurai in Tamil Nadu have revealed evidence of a well-developed urban settlement from the Sangam era. Ongoing research since 2015 is reshaping understanding of early South Indian civilisation, literacy, and urban planning.

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•  Keeladi located on Vaigai riverbanks, Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu
•  Excavations began in 2015 by ASI and Tamil Nadu archaeology department
•  Carbon dating places settlement around 580 BCE
•  Evidence of organised urban habitation from Sangam period
•  Brick structures, ring wells, and planned layouts uncovered
•  Pottery, tools, and inscriptions indicate skilled craftsmanship
•  Artefacts suggest literacy and cultural sophistication
•  Graffiti symbols show links with wider ancient South Asian cultures
•  Findings challenge belief that early urbanism was North India-centric
•  Keeladi Heritage Museum displays artefacts for public education