A new scientific study has found that heatwaves significantly increase surface ozone pollution across India, leading to a rise in heart and lung disease-related deaths. The findings highlight the growing public health risks associated with climate change and air pollution.

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• A recent peer-reviewed study examined the combined impact of heatwaves and ozone pollution in India.
• The research found that heatwaves significantly increase surface ozone concentrations.
• Surface ozone is a harmful air pollutant that affects the heart and lungs.
• During heatwaves, ozone levels in northern India reached 85–110 μg/m³.
• These levels exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 70 μg/m³.
• The study reported ozone concentrations above WHO limits across all regions of India.
• Ozone levels generally return to normal within three to four days after a heatwave ends.
• Higher temperatures accelerate chemical reactions that form ground-level ozone.
• Exposure to elevated ozone levels increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
• The study linked ozone pollution to deaths caused by ischaemic heart disease and COPD.
• COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a major respiratory illness.
• During heatwave periods of 2024, around 26,500 deaths were associated with ozone exposure.
• Researchers estimated that approximately 830 additional deaths occurred during heatwave days compared to preceding days.
• Heatwaves amplify existing air pollution problems and health risks.
• Ground-level ozone differs from the protective ozone layer found in the stratosphere.
• Ozone pollution is formed when sunlight reacts with pollutants emitted by vehicles and industries.
• Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heatwaves worldwide.
• The study highlights the growing interaction between climate extremes and air quality challenges.
• Reducing emissions and strengthening heat action plans can help lower health risks.
• The findings emphasize the need for integrated climate and public health policies in India.