In 1929, the British Indian government appointed the Hartog Committee under Philip Joseph Hartog to review and improve education in India. The committee found that though enrolment was increasing, quality learning was declining, and wastage and stagnation were widespread. It proposed reforms in primary, secondary, and higher education to enhance quality and efficiency.

BulletsIn

•  1929: British India formed Hartog Committee under Philip Joseph Hartog.
•  Found education expansion without learning improvement.
•  High wastage (dropouts) and stagnation (repetition) in primary schools.
•  Urged 4-year compulsory primary schooling with trained teachers.
• Focus on quality, not just quantity, in education growth.
• Secondary level: promote vocational and technical courses.
•  Higher education: overcrowding, poor libraries, weak admissions noted.
•  Advised improving standards and limiting university enrolments.
•  Suggested schools act as community centres with local relevance.
•  Stressed that real progress lies in better teaching, not more schools.