A new study by IIT Roorkee has revealed that the Ganga River loses over half its water through evaporation as it flows from the Himalayas into the plains. Conducted over two decades, the research shows groundwater—not glacial melt—is the key source sustaining the river’s summer flow. The findings challenge prevailing groundwater crisis fears and urge a focus on aquifer recharge and tributary restoration for sustainable river management.

BulletsIn

• Ganga loses over 58% of its water to summer evaporation, unnoticed for years.
• Study by IIT Roorkee based on 20 years of field data across Ganga basin.
• Groundwater, not glacier melt, drives river’s summer flow in the plains.
• Central Ganga plain aquifers found stable; hand pump data shows consistent output.
• River volume increases 120% in plains due to groundwater contribution.
• Evaporation identified as major factor in Ganga’s water loss.
• Challenges satellite-driven narratives of groundwater depletion in North India.
• Urges restoration of tributaries and better groundwater recharge strategies.
• Key for water security amid growing climate stress and overuse.
• Highlights urgent need for basin-level planning to protect India’s lifeline river.