The Deoband Movement began in 1866 at Darul Uloom, Deoband (Saharanpur, UP). Founded by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, it aimed to revive Islamic teachings, oppose foreign rule, and preserve Muslim identity.

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• Founded 1866 at Darul Uloom, Deoband, Saharanpur
• Founders: Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
• Inspired by Shah Waliullah’s reformist ideas
• Objective: revive Quran-Hadith teaching, resist foreign dominance
• Set up structured madrasa with fixed curriculum, annual exams
• Orthodox, opposed to Syed Ahmed Khan’s Aligarh Movement
• Issued fatwa in 1888 supporting Indian National Congress
• Embraced Sufism but rejected rituals, saint worship
• Mahmud-ul-Hasan gave political, nationalist weight to doctrine
• Shibli Numani integrated modern sciences via Nadwa-ul-Ulama
• Movement spread via madrasas, fatwas, and trained ulema
• Significant role in shaping Indo-Muslim political awakening