The Deoband Movement emerged in colonial India to reform Muslim society. It began in Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, in 1866. The movement focused on Islamic revival, education, and resistance to foreign rule. It shaped religious thought and nationalist politics among Indian Muslims.

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•  Founded in 1866 at Deoband, Saharanpur district, United Provinces
•  Initiated by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
•  Aimed to revive pure Islamic teachings of Quran and Hadith
•  Opposed Westernized education promoted by the Aligarh Movement
•  Established Darul Uloom Deoband as a structured Islamic seminary
•  Emphasised role of ulema in interpreting Islamic law
•  Accepted Sufism but rejected un-Islamic rituals and saint worship
•  Supported Indian nationalism; backed Indian National Congress in 1888
•  Mahmud-ul-Hasan linked Islamic theology with anti-colonial politics