The Communist movement in India began in 1920 at Tashkent under M.N. Roy after the Second Comintern Conference. It grew rapidly across major cities, shaping worker-peasant politics and influencing early nationalist discourse. The movement later became central to labour mobilisation, ideological debates, and several major conspiracy cases that defined colonial political trials.
BulletsIn:
* Founded in 1920 at Tashkent by M.N. Roy, Abani Mukherji & others
* Roy earlier helped form the Communist Party of Mexico (1919)
* Early groups emerged in Bengal, Bombay, Madras, UP & Punjab
* British alarm led to the Kanpur Communist Conspiracy Case (1924)
* The case popularised communist ideas widely among Indians
* Communist Party of India formed at Kanpur Conference (1925)
* CPI recognised by the Comintern as the Indian section in 1934
* CPI adopted a radical line: armed resistance to imperialism
* Demands included nationalisation of banks, industries, and zamindari
* Criticised the Civil Disobedience Movement & the Gandhi–Irwin Pact
* Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929–33) targeted growing trade-union activism
* Movement strongly influenced labour, peasant mobilisation & Congress debates




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