The Communist movement in India began in 1920 at Tashkent under M.N. Roy after the Second Comintern Conference. It grew rapidly across major cities, shaping worker-peasant politics and influencing early nationalist discourse. The movement later became central to labour mobilisation, ideological debates, and several major conspiracy cases that defined colonial political trials.

BulletsIn:

* Founded in 1920 at Tashkent by M.N. Roy, Abani Mukherji & others

* Roy earlier helped form the Communist Party of Mexico (1919)

* Early groups emerged in Bengal, Bombay, Madras, UP & Punjab

* British alarm led to the Kanpur Communist Conspiracy Case (1924)

* The case popularised communist ideas widely among Indians

* Communist Party of India formed at Kanpur Conference (1925)

* CPI recognised by the Comintern as the Indian section in 1934

* CPI adopted a radical line: armed resistance to imperialism

* Demands included nationalisation of banks, industries, and zamindari

* Criticised the Civil Disobedience Movement & the Gandhi–Irwin Pact

* Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929–33) targeted growing trade-union activism

* Movement strongly influenced labour, peasant mobilisation & Congress debates