In Rio de Janeiro on July 7, 2025, Brics nations met to revive multilateralism and challenge western dominance. Amid global conflict, climate crisis, and rising protectionism, the summit aimed to reshape global governance and reinforce unity among the global south.

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• Held in Rio, seen as lead-up to Cop30 climate summit in November
• Focused on global south unity, multilateralism, fairer global governance
• Leaders condemned Gaza strikes, Iran bombings, Ukraine war, tariffs
• Lula warned of global failure in climate, peace, trade cooperation
• 31-page declaration urged climate finance, just energy transition
• Internal divisions visible; Xi Jinping skipped summit, Putin joined virtually
• China’s absence raised doubts on commitment to Brics
• Brazil avoided direct conflict to protect climate summit image
• Civil society, media mostly excluded; security tight
• Brics called for UN reform, criticized EU’s carbon trade rules