The separation of powers is a core constitutional principle in India that divides government authority among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. While not strictly rigid, it ensures checks and balances to prevent concentration and misuse of power in a democratic system.

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• Separation of powers divides state functions into Legislature, Executive, Judiciary for democratic governance.

• Concept rooted in Montesquieu’s theory, aiming to prevent concentration and abuse of power.

• Indian Constitution follows functional separation, not strict division like the US model.

• Legislature makes laws, controls finances, oversees executive actions, represents people’s will.

• Executive implements laws, runs administration, formulates policies under legislative accountability.

• Judiciary interprets laws, protects fundamental rights, ensures constitutional supremacy through judicial review.

• Article 50 directs separation of judiciary from executive in public services.

• Checks and balances allow overlap, ensuring cooperation without dominance by any single organ.