Under British rule, India’s agrarian economy was heavily exploited through a range of land revenue systems. These systems—Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari—were designed to maximize colonial profits. Though structured differently, they all burdened Indian farmers, disrupted traditional landholding patterns, and severely impacted rural livelihoods and food security. BulletsIn British taxed Indian agriculture to fund administration, trade,
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Under British rule, India’s agrarian economy was heavily exploited through a range of land revenue systems. These systems—Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari—were designed to maximize colonial profits. Though structured differently, they all burdened Indian farmers, disrupted traditional landholding patterns, and severely impacted rural livelihoods and food security. BulletsIn British taxed Indian agriculture to fund administration, trade,
