The Kuka Movement emerged in 19th-century Punjab as a religious reform movement. It later evolved into an early anti-British resistance. Led by Baba Ram Singh, it stressed moral reform, self-reliance, and rejection of colonial authority. The British suppressed it harshly.

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Originated in Punjab during mid-19th century

Led by Baba Ram Singh, founder of Namdhari Sikhs

Began as religious and social reform movement

Focus on Sikh purity, discipline, simple living

Opposed British rule and colonial laws

Advocated boycott of British goods and institutions

Used non-cooperation before Gandhian era

British crackdown; followers executed by cannons

Baba Ram Singh exiled to Burma

Inspired later nationalist and reform movements