Jainism, an ancient Indian religion, gained prominence through the teachings of Lord Mahavira in the 6th century BCE. The religion, founded by Rishabhadev, emphasizes non-violence, truth, and asceticism, and has left a significant impact on Indian culture and history.

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• Jainism originated with Rishabhadev, the first Tirthankara, around millions of years ago.
• The 24 Tirthankaras, with Mahavira as the 24th, are revered spiritual teachers in Jainism.
• Jainism teaches a three-fold path to salvation: correct belief, knowledge, and behavior (Ratnatraya).
• The five vows (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha, Brahmacharya) form the ethical foundation of Jain life.
• Important Jain sites include Dilwara Temples (Rajasthan), Palitana (Gujarat), and Shravanabelagola (Karnataka).
• Jainism split into two major sects: Digambara (sky-clad) and Shvetambara (white-clad), after a famine in Magadha.
• Digambaras believe in total nudism for liberation and deny women’s ability to attain liberation without being reborn as men.
• Shvetambaras accept women’s spiritual equality and believe in the possibility of liberation for all genders.
• Jainism spread from western India to southern regions, with key support from figures like Chandragupta Maurya and Kharavela.
• The religion faced several schisms, including the notable councils held in Patliputra, Mathura, and Vallabhi.