The Indian Space Research Organisation successfully completed a ground hot test of the CE20 cryogenic engine at 22-tonne thrust, improving the payload capability of the LVM3 rocket.

BulletsIn

• ISRO conducted a sea-level hot test of the CE20 cryogenic engine on March 10 at the ISRO Propulsion Complex, operating successfully for 165 seconds at 22-tonne thrust.

• The test used a specialised nozzle protection system and a multi-element igniter to ensure stable ignition and safe engine operation during the entire ground testing process.

• Earlier sea-level tests with the nozzle protection system were performed at 19-tonne thrust, making the latest 22-tonne thrust test an important technological upgrade.

• The CE20 cryogenic engine powers the upper cryogenic stage (C25) of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3, India’s heavy-lift rocket designed to launch large satellites and space missions.

• ISRO plans to use the upgraded CE20 engine in the future C32 stage of LVM3, which will increase payload capacity and support advanced space missions.

• Testing cryogenic engines at sea level is technically challenging because the engine nozzle is designed primarily for operation in the vacuum conditions of space.

• Low exit pressure and high nozzle area ratio can cause flow separation, which may result in vibrations, thermal stress, and potential mechanical damage during testing.

• The nozzle protection system helps maintain stable engine operation by controlling flow behavior, allowing safe and accurate performance evaluation during ground tests.