Inter-State Water Disputes in India arise when states disagree over sharing and management of river waters. Under Article 262 of Indian Constitution, Parliament empowers tribunals to resolve such disputes, ensuring equitable distribution while limiting court intervention.

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• Inter-state water disputes occur between states over river water use, distribution, and control.
• Article 262 of Indian Constitution allows Parliament to create laws for dispute resolution through tribunals.
• It also enables exclusion of Supreme Court of India jurisdiction in such matters.
• Inter-State Water Disputes Act 1956 empowers Centre to set up ad hoc tribunals for disputes.
• Tribunal decisions are final and binding on states, ensuring legal clarity.
• River Boards Act 1956 allows advisory boards for river management.
• Non-judicial mechanisms address broader public interest beyond legal property rights.
• Major disputes include Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, Narmada, and Mahanadi river conflicts.
• Many disputes remain sub-judice or pending tribunal decisions.
• Effective resolution is vital for federal harmony and sustainable water resource management.