India’s growing strategic presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) was highlighted during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Mauritius on March 11-12, where he upgraded the bilateral ties to an “Enhanced Strategic Partnership.” This marks a significant expansion in political, developmental, economic, and defense collaboration between the two nations. Modi also introduced India’s new maritime doctrine, MAHASAGAR, building on the SAGAR framework, which envisions comprehensive maritime security and cooperation across the Indo-Pacific.

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• PM Modi’s March 2025 visit to Mauritius strengthened India-Mauritius ties, upgrading them to an “Enhanced Strategic Partnership.”
• The MAHASAGAR policy was announced, building on the previous SAGAR doctrine, to expand India’s maritime engagement across the Indo-Pacific.
• Mauritius plays a central role in India’s maritime strategy, offering a critical point in the Western Indian Ocean.
• India’s maritime cooperation with Mauritius includes defense support, EEZ surveillance, hydrographic surveys, and joint exercises.
• India’s maritime doctrine focuses on homeland security, island partnerships, and broader Indo-Pacific engagement.
• The region’s importance is heightened by vital sea lanes that handle over 80% of global trade and energy transport.
• China’s growing influence in the region, through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative and the China-Mauritius Free Trade Agreement, presents a strategic challenge for India.
• India counters China’s influence with the “Necklace of Diamonds” strategy, involving port partnerships and naval diplomacy, with Mauritius being a key partner.
• Mauritius benefits from India’s assistance in port safety, marine operations, and police training, strengthening bilateral cooperation.
• Economic cooperation between India and Mauritius has flourished, with a notable increase in bilateral trade and investments, including the signing of the CECPA.