The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was a revolutionary organisation that aimed to overthrow British rule through armed struggle and establish a socialist republic in India.

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•  The HSRA emerged in the 1920s as a revolutionary organisation committed to ending British colonial rule and establishing a socialist republic through armed resistance and mass mobilisation.
•  It evolved from the Hindustan Republican Association, founded in 1924 at Kanpur by leaders like Ram Prasad Bismil, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
•  The organisation gained momentum after the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement following the Chauri Chaura incident, which disappointed many radical nationalists.
•  HSRA aimed to establish a Federal Republic of India based on universal adult franchise and eliminate all forms of exploitation and inequality in society.
•  The Kakori Conspiracy was a major event where revolutionaries looted government funds to support their activities, leading to arrests and executions of key leaders.
•  After reorganisation in 1928 under Chandra Shekhar Azad, the group adopted socialist ideology and intensified revolutionary actions across northern India.
•  The assassination of John P. Saunders by Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru was carried out to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
•  The Central Legislative Assembly Bombing was intended to protest repressive laws and spread revolutionary ideas without causing casualties.