{"id":7827,"date":"2025-11-13T12:21:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T12:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thebullets.in\/hindi\/?p=7827"},"modified":"2025-11-13T12:21:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T12:21:31","slug":"medieval-oxford-k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thebullets.in\/hindi\/medieval-oxford-k\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915: \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936\u093e | BulletsIn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u091c\u092c \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0908, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0908, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c (\u090f\u0932\u0947) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>BulletsIn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* 13\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u093e-\u092b\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0932\u0940; \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0911\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 (1240) \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u2014 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e-\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* 15\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0918\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u091c\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092e\u0926\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0947 &#8220;\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u091a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f&#8221; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0908, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0925\u0949\u092e\u0938 \u0939\u0902\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u092f\u0930 (\u090f\u0932\u0947) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u2014 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u091c\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u091f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092b\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092e\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<br \/>\n\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* 16\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0940; 1636 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>* \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 (1668\u201369) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u091c\u092c \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0908, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0908, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c (\u090f\u0932\u0947) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964 BulletsIn * 13\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":7828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[2404,2403],"class_list":["post-7827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-medieval-book-trade","tag-oxford-printing-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915: \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936\u093e | BulletsIn - thebulletsinhindi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thebullets.in\/hindi\/medieval-oxford-k\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915: \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936\u093e | BulletsIn - thebulletsinhindi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u091c\u092c \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0908, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0908, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c (\u090f\u0932\u0947) 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