The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 was passed by the Provisional Parliament. Moved by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, it aimed to overcome early constitutional hurdles. It reshaped fundamental rights, especially speech, property, and equality. The amendment remains debated for its long-term impact.

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• Passed in 1951 by Provisional Parliament of India
• Introduced to override adverse judicial decisions
• Expanded grounds to restrict free speech
• Added “public order” and “incitement to offence”
• Made restrictions on speech “reasonable” and justiciable
• Enabled land reforms and abolition of zamindari
• Inserted Articles 31A and 31B
• Added Ninth Schedule to shield laws from courts
• Allowed reservations for backward classes
• Sparked debate on basic structure doctrine