The African National Congress (ANC), which played a key role in ending apartheid, is at a crossroads after losing its parliamentary majority in the 2024 general elections. With its Foundation Day on January 8, the ANC reflects on its history and future amid growing challenges like poverty, unemployment, and corruption.

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• The ANC lost its majority for the first time in 30 years, securing only 40.18% in the 2024 elections.
• A coalition government was formed to retain power, signaling declining voter trust.
• Founded in 1912 as SANCC, it sought to unite Africans for civil and political rights.
• Early struggles included protests against repressive laws like the 1913 Land Act and Pass Laws.
• Revived in the 1940s-50s with Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, and others leading mass movements.
• Key milestones included the Defiance Campaign (1952) and adoption of the Freedom Charter (1955).
• ANC faced repression after the Sharpeville massacre (1960); went underground and formed its armed wing.
• Achieved historic victory in 1994 with Nelson Mandela as the first black President of South Africa.
• Decline attributed to failure in tackling poverty, unemployment, and corruption.
• The 2024 results raise questions about the ANC’s future and its ability to rebuild voter confidence.