Indian Parliament functions through defined procedures. Among the most crucial are adjournment, prorogation, and dissolution—terms that often appear in news headlines. These terms signify different stages in a parliamentary session’s lifecycle, each with distinct legal and constitutional implications.

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• Parliament has three sessions yearly: Budget, Monsoon, and Winter
• Adjournment ends a sitting temporarily; session continues
• Presiding officer decides adjournment; reassembly time is known
• Adjournment sine die ends sitting indefinitely, no fixed return date
• Presiding officer can recall House even after adjournment sine die
• Prorogation ends entire session; declared by President under Article 85(2)(a)
• Usually follows adjournment sine die but can happen anytime
• All notices (except bill introduction) lapse after prorogation
• Dissolution ends Lok Sabha permanently, triggers fresh elections
• Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved; it’s a permanent House