Prarthana Samaj was a socio-religious reform movement founded in Bombay in 1867 to promote rational worship, social equality, and progressive reforms within Hindu society, inspired by broader 19th-century reformist currents.

BulletsIn

• Founded in 1867 at Bombay by Dr Atmaram Pandurang, supported by MG Ranade and RG Bhandarkar.

• Emerged from Paramahamsa Sabha, influenced by Brahmo Samaj, advocating reform within Hindu religious traditions.

• Followed four-point social agenda: removal of untouchability, women’s education, widow upliftment, child marriage prohibition.

• Promoted monotheism, rejection of idolatry, simplified prayer, and rational, ethical approach to spirituality.

• Actively supported widow remarriage and inspired institutions like Widows’ Home Association under reformist leadership.

• Emphasised universal education, social equality across caste and gender, and moral conduct based on truth.

• Popularised in southern India by Kandukuri Veeresalingam, extending reform influence beyond Maharashtra.

• Contributed to Indian nationalism by restoring social dignity and inspiring later reform and social justice movements.