Tribunals in India are quasi-judicial bodies created for faster and specialized dispute resolution. They deal with specific subject matters like service issues, taxation, environment, and corporate law. Constitutional backing comes from Articles 323A and 323B. Their decisions remain subject to judicial review.

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• Tribunals are quasi-judicial bodies with subject-specific jurisdiction

• Aim to ensure speedy, expert-based dispute resolution

• Evolved post-Independence due to complex legal needs

• ITAT established in 1941, among earliest tribunals

• CAT and SATs created under Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985

• Articles 323A and 323B added by 42nd Constitutional Amendment

• Parliament creates service tribunals under Article 323A

• Parliament and States create subject tribunals under Article 323B

• Tribunal decisions subject to High Court and Supreme Court review

• Recent SC ruling limits tribunals from directing government policy