The PESA Act, 1996 was enacted to extend Panchayati Raj to Scheduled Areas. It strengthens tribal self-governance through empowered Gram Sabhas.

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• Enacted in December 1996
• Extends Part IX of Constitution to Scheduled Areas
• Based on recommendations of Bhuria Committee
• Recognizes tribal right to self-governance
• Gram Sabha as core decision-making body
• Control over minor forest produce
• Authority over village markets
• Gram Sabha role in land acquisition consent
• Power to prevent land alienation
• Special focus on cultural protection