Storm surges, caused by hurricanes or tropical cyclones, are among the most deadly and destructive natural phenomena. They result from strong winds and atmospheric pressure pushing ocean water onto land, posing significant threats to life, property, and the environment.

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• Storm surges occur when hurricane winds and atmospheric pressure force ocean water onto land, often coinciding with high tide for greater impact.
• Water in a surge moves rapidly, weighing about 1,700 pounds per cubic yard, capable of sweeping away people, vehicles, and buildings.
• Surges can cause long-term damage, including road destruction, beach erosion, saltwater contamination, and harm to wildlife and agriculture.
• The deadliest storm surge on record occurred in 1970 in the Bay of Bengal, killing an estimated 300,000–500,000 people.
• The largest storm surge recorded was Cyclone Mahina in 1899, reaching 44 feet at Bathurst Bay, Australia. Hurricane Katrina caused a 27.8-foot surge in Mississippi in 2005, killing about 1,500 people.
• Climate change increases storm surge risks due to warmer oceans, more intense hurricanes, and rising sea levels.
• Experts advise evacuating flood zones to survive storm surges. If evacuation is impossible, move to the highest indoor level and avoid driving through floodwaters.